Bismuth(III) compounds as catalysts in organic synthesis: A mini review

Organic synthesis is dominated by examples of catalysis by transition metal catalysts despite their limited availability, high cost (Pd, Rh, Ru) and toxicity (Pd). In this regard, there is increased interest in the use of catalysts derived from more readily available main group metals. Bismuth(III) compounds have found considerable applications in organic synthesis since the 1990s owing to their remarkably nontoxic nature, relatively low cost, and non-corrosive nature. This review summarizes the applications of bismuth(III) salts as Lewis acids in organic synthesis. To avoid overlap with previous reviews, only articles from 2018 to 2021 are included.